To detect the damage of a high-piled wharf， the deflection measurement method， static damage characteristics， and damage identification method were studied. First， the deflection of the high-piled wharf was measured using two symmetrically arranged fiber Bragg grating strain sensor arrays， according to the relationship between strain and curvature and curvature and deflection. Then， the deflection function of the pile under multiple damage conditions was derived， the static characteristics after damage were analyzed， and the damage identification index was determined. Finally， a method for the segmented damage identification of the pile was proposed， and verified by numerical simulation and a physical model experiment. Numerical calculation results show that the calculated damage is essentially the same as the preset damage location， with a maximum damage measurement error of 3.3%. The physical model experiment shows that the preset damage is within the measured damage range， the pile section damage coefficient is consistent with the measured damage degree， and the linearity is 0.887 5， thus indicating that the fiber Bragg grating sensor array can effectively identify the damage. This method is suitable for piles before and after damage and has the advantages of providing a clear physical meaning， with no optimization algorithm and long-term monitoring， etc.， thus meeting the needs of pile-damage monitoring for high-piled wharfs.