To address the ineffective reception of larger scanning field echoes by the small photosensitive area of the indium gallium arsenide InGaAs detector in the 1550 nm wavelength band, a receiver device suitable for near-range wide field-of-view applications has been designed. The optical system at the receiving end utilizes an afocal telecentric structure as the receiving antenna, achieving a reception field-of-view of 36° at a photosensitive area of 1 mm. The relative illuminance exceeds 95%, demonstrating excellent light collection and transmission characteristics. Additionally, the receiver circuit adopts a T-network amplification structure combined with a moment identification circuit, utilizing the TDC7200 to achieve high-precision time measurements. The flight time measurement accuracy is less than 120 ps within a range of 200 ns, and the experimental results demonstrate ranging accuracy better than 2 ns within an 8 m distance, meeting the requirements for near-range detection.