Polymer modified cement-based toughness thin spray material is the development direction of coal mine roadway surface sealing material. Redispersible emulsion powder has the characteristics of increasing cement-based material adhesion and improving toughness, but at present, there is less research on redispersible emulsion powder modified cement-based thin spray material. In this paper, thin spray material was prepared by using silicate and sulphate aluminium composite cement modified by redispersible emulsion powder, and the effect of redispersible emulsion powder on slurry viscosity, setting time, and flexural and compressive strength, uniaxial compressive stress-strain and uniaxial tensile load-displacement of the stone body was studied. The results show that with the increase of the content of redispersible emulsion powder, onset time for rapid increase of slurry viscosity is extended, setting time increases, the flexural and compressive strength of the stone body increase first and then decrease, and reach the maximum value at the content of 2.25% (mass fraction), and the compression and tensile deformation rates increase and the toughness is improved. The mechanism of the effect of redispersible emulsion powder on the macroscopic properties of cement-based materials was explained by microscopic analysis.