It is a dream of worldwide scientists to demonstrate fusion ignition and gain in the laboratory. The demonstration of laboratory fusion ignition via Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) will allow scientists to understand processes in the cores of stars, to point the way toward carbon-free energy with virtually unlimited fuel supply, and to contribute to maintaining a safe and reliable nuclear deterrent without testing. In addition, the facilities, diagnostics and modeling developed for fusion research have enabled the emerging field of high energy density physics (HEDP) that impacts a broad range of topics including condensed matter, planetary and stellar science.