In view of multi-channel, wide temperature range of temperature data acquisition requirements of space camera, analysis is made to the nonlinear characteristic of the NTC thermistor in temperature acquisition circuit, and the method for compensation of nonlinear thermistor sensing property is presented.Taking MF501 NTC-thermistor in design of aerospace thermal control as an example, a new kind of rational regression model of voltage-temperature data is proposed based on Kalman filtering, and simulation analysis is made to which performance parameters by Matlab programming.The experimental results show that:1) In temperature range of -10~+50 ℃, the temperature measurement accuracy by using the rational regression model is 0.134 0 ℃, the memory usage is 56 bytes, and its comprehensive performance is better than that of the traditional data acquisition and processing method;and 2) The method has strong commonality and is convenient for application, which can improve the acquisition accuracy and measurement range of the temperature data effectively with low resource consumption.