The effect of the chaotic laser power and the single mode fiber length on the linewidth of Brillouin backscattering Stokes light is analyzed. It is found that along with the growing of input chaotic laser power, the Stokes linewidth decreases gradually and then nearly remains unchanged when the input chaotic laser power reaches a certain value. The effect of the input power and fiber length on the backscattering light power is analyzed. It is found that under the same input chaotic laser power, the backscattering light power grows rapidly with the increase of the fiber length and then tends to be saturated when the fiber length is beyond approximately 15.41 km. The influence factors of the chaotic stimulated Brillouin backscattering light threshold are also studied. The experimental results show that the chaotic stimulated Brillouin backscattering light has a high threshold, which is approximately 19 dB higher than that of the conventional continuous-wave laser.