Adaptive optics technology can correct the wavefront error caused by atmospheric turbulence in real time and is the key technology to achieve high-resolution imaging of large ground-based telescopes. As the diameter of a telescope increases， the number of correction elements in the adaptive optics system can reach the order of one thousand. This paper first establishes the equivalent model of the control link of the adaptive optics system from the perspective of automatic control and analyzes the influence of the system delay on the performance of the control link. Then， it discusses the design of the high-voltage drive system in the control link of adaptive optics， analyzes the demand of the adaptive optics system for the closed-loop bandwidth of the high-voltage amplifier from the perspective of automatic control， and provides the analysis results. Finally， it describes the integration and test of the high-voltage drive system of the thousand-element adaptive optics system. The experimental results show that the designed high-voltage amplifier can achieve 120 V output， and the bandwidth of -3 dB can reach 5 000 Hz. After the integration of the designed high-voltage drive system， the turbulence screen is used to simulate the equivalent 60 Hz Greenwood frequency， and the corrected mean residual error of the wavefront is 0.16λ. The designed high-voltage drive system can achieve calibration control of the thousand-element piezoelectric deformable mirror.