In terms of the disadvantage that contact air temperature detection is vulnerable to solar radiation and ground radiation, a remote sensing detection method of high spectral resolution lidar is proposed, and it is based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer which scans the scattering spectrum and conducts temperature retrieval, so as to realize the absolute measurement of air temperature. System parameter calibration is an important factor affecting the accuracy of temperature detection. Parameters such as driving voltage, full width at half maximum, free spectral range, and temperature control accuracy of the Fabry-Perot interferometer are calibrated by continuous laser. Through the calibration experiment, the corresponding voltage amplitude is 3.48 V at a frequency scanning range of 10 GHz; a temperature change of 0.1 ℃ at the Fabry-Perot cavity corresponds to the frequency drift of 0.21 GHz. The lidar temperature detection system is calibrated by using the scattering cell which can control the temperature and pressure. After the systematic error correction, the retrieval temperature is in good agreement with the preset temperature, which lays a foundation for accurate detection and retrieval of the actual temperature.