Fe60 alloy coating is fabricated on 45 steel surfaces using mechanical vibration assisted synchronous powder feeding laser cladding process. The microstructure of Fe-based cladding coating and bonding interface, phase composition, element distribution characteristic and diffusion behavior at the interface are investigated by optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), respectively. The results show that the bonding interface are complete to cellular dendritic crystal growth, the main phases are composed of (Fe,Cr) solid solution and a small amount of (Fe, Cr) 7C3, Fe2B and Fe0.9Si0.1 compound. Mechanical vibration energy causes dendrite Fe0.9Si0.1 discrete from dendrite internal to interdendrite, and a large amount of (Fe,Cr) solid solution remains in the dendrite internal. Higher mechanical vibration energy leads to better element diffusion in laser molten pool. Meanwhile, the effect of vibration amplitude and frequency on the elements distribution and grain refining at the bonding interface front are also different. Increase the frequency is beneficial to the directional dendrite growth and increase the amplitude is beneficial to the dendritic dispersed distribution at the bonding interface front 40 μm scope. Increase amplitude is more advantageous to the Si and Cr element diffusion at the bonding interface.