Aiming at the problem that the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is susceptible to ESD, the interference effect of the corona discharge on the surface of the aircraft and ESD generated by maintenance on the receiver are studied. The time-frequency domain characteristics of the ESD is analyzed. The front door coupling experiment of corona discharge to the receiver was carried out using a simulator composed of a needle ball electrode and a high voltage source. It is proved that the radiation field generated by the corona pulse has no obvious interference effect on the receiver. Based on the human body metal ESD model, the experiment of the interference effect of spark discharge on the receiver was carried out. It was found that the surge current easily caused potential fluctuation of the serial port conversion chip of the receiver, and the main loop of the read/write program was stuck. ESD protection should be performed for the serial port.