Cracking is the most common disease in concrete structure engineering. The crack provides a channel for external water and corrosive media, and the corrosive media will lead to accelerated deterioration of concrete durability and seriously affect the service life of engineering structure. In order to effectively prevent the intrusion of harmful ions and prolong the service life of structures, timely repair of cracks is a common problem faced by the construction industry. Microbial self-healing concrete has received extensive attention from researchers. Unlike traditional concrete, microbial self-healing concrete endows structural cracks with the function of self-diagnosing and self-healing. And there are two main repair systems, namely the one-element repair system and the multi-element repair system. This paper analysed the repair effect of microbial self-healing concrete from the perspective of different repair systems, summarised the key problems faced under each system, compared the advantages and disadvantages of the self-healing effect under both systems, and proposed the development direction of the research on self-healing of concrete cracks based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP).The study finds that if a core bacterium with mineralisation function is used as the basis and anaerobic bacteria are added to assist mineralisation, deep crack repair can be achieved, and this new mineralisation system provides an innovative idea for the research of self-healing concrete based on MICP.