A series of CdSe nanoparticle-deposited anatase TiO2 nanobelts were prepared by hydrothermal process. Their crystal structures, morphologies, depositing content of CdSe and visible-light photocatalytic activities were characterized using various measurement techniques. The measurement results show that the CdSe nanoparticles with zinc blende face-center-cubic structure and controlled content have deposited on anatase TiO2 nanobelts; the special surface areas of the products become lower in comparison with that of TiO2 nanobelts due to the deposited CdSe, whereas their visible-light absorptions exhibit much more obviously. The visible-light photocatalytic activities in degradation of rhodamine B solution demonstrate that the products with excess depositing content of CdSe nanoparticles and existence of NH3 molecules on the surface, show much lower photodegradation activities. On the contrary, the products with less CdSe nanoparticles and less NH3 molecules exhibit much higher photodegradation activities.