In order to develop new reciprocating compressors, on the basis of the laboratory multi-functional combined mechanism reciprocating compressor test bench, a reciprocating compressor remote monitoring system based on S7-300 PLC and WinCC configuration software is designed. The monitoring system has more versatile for automatically adapting to piston ring compressors and labyrinth compressors. The structure design of the test bench and its monitoring system and the hardware and software design of the monitoring system are introduced in detail. The actual operation results show that the monitoring system can realize the single-item or comprehensive technical experiments and fault conditions of the remote monitoring multi-functional combined mechanism reciprocating compressor test bench under different thermodynamic parameter conditions. Under a steadily work state, the use efficiency of the reciprocating compressor is improved greatly, the degree of automation is increased, which provides a technical reference for the development of new compressors.