In order to solve the problems of irregular wiring of optical fiber jumpers in optical distribution frames and excessive redundancy of optical cables in traditional communication rooms and data centers, an intelligent checking system for optical fiber routing is proposed. Firstly, the optical transceiver system is controlled by a high-performance and low-cost microcontroller STM32 chip, and the optical fiber routing is checked through the electro-optical signal data transceiver. Then, based on general operational amplifier LM358 and relay technology, quantitative amplification and relay processing are designed. Finally, the OptiSystem software is used to simulate the performance of the system. The test results show that the maximum dynamic range of the system is 9.24 dB, and it can achieve the troubleshooting function with an optical fiber transmission distance of 46 km. At the same time, the quality of the regenerated signal in the system has been improved, which can effectively extend the transmission distance of the system.