Recently, visible light communication (VLC) technology has developed rapidly. This technology has the dual functions of low-power indoor lighting and high-speed broadband signal access, so it has high application value in the field of indoor big data communication. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), as a technology that can achieve channel capacity multiplication in VLC systems, is increasingly attracting the attention of the industry. However, the strong correlation of multi-channels can easily lead to information crosstalk between users. The application of interference coding technology in transmitters can avoid information interference between users to a certain extent, and can improve the quality of system transmission and reception at a lower cost. This paper reviews the application background and basic principles of precoding technology in MIMO-VLC systems, summarizes the research progress of typical linear and nonlinear precoding technologies, and discusses and analyzes the application advantages, development trends and challenges of such technologies.