In order to solve the problem of poor mechanical properties and the frost resistance durability of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) from construction waste, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G) were added as nano modifiers. The effects of dual doping of GO and G with different ratios on the mechanical properties, frost resistance durability, and microstructure of RAC have been thoroughly studied. The results show that compared with RAC without any modifiers, dual doping of 0.03% G and 0.06% GO (calculated by mass percentage of cement) has the most significant improvement effect on the mechanical properties of RAC. The compressive and splitting tensile strength increases by 29.14% and 30.60% respectively after 7 d. The results of frost resistance durability show that dual doping of 0.03%G and 0.06%GO can effectively reduce the mass loss rate and strength loss rate of RAC after freeze-thaw cycles, thereby improving the frost resistance durability of RAC. Microstructure analysis shows that dual doping of 0.03% G and 0.06% GO can improve the regularity of hydration products, significantly reduce the cumulative pore volume of RAC, and increase the compactness of RAC structure. Therefore, dual doping of GO and G dual have a synergistic effect in improving RAC performance.