In order to meet the high-resolution imaging requirements of large ground-based telescopes， adaptive optics technology needs to be used to correct the wavefront error caused by atmospheric turbulence. The piezoelectric deformable mirror is the key component of an adaptive optics system. Aiming at the high-voltage and high-speed driving of the thousand-element piezoelectric deformable mirror in a large ground-based high-resolution imaging telescope， a high-performance piezoelectric ceramic high-voltage amplifier was designed. The high-voltage amplifier adopts a two-stage amplification structure based on high-speed low-voltage operational amplifiers and discrete power devices to realize high-precision and high-power driving of piezoelectric ceramics. Compared with a driving system composed of integrated operational amplifier devices， the high-voltage amplifier has the advantages of a stronger driving capability and lower cost， and it is more suitable for piezoelectric deformable mirror systems with many driving channels. The experimental results show that the high-voltage amplifier designed in this paper can achieve a 120 V output， the -3 dB bandwidth can reach 5 000 Hz when driving a 0.33 μF capacitive load， and the output response rise time is less than or equal to 100 μs. The high-voltage amplifier can meet the application requirements of a thousand-element piezoelectric deformable mirror.