Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant proportion of atmospheric particles, which has attracted wide attention because of its impact on visibility, climate change and human health. Although air quality in China has been significantly improved in recent years, atmospheric complex pollution is still serious. In order to better evaluate the influence of SOA on atmospheric complex pollution, obtain accurate parametric data and provide scientific basis for regional pollution prevention and control, comprehensive characterization of SOA is needed. In view of this, the research of environmental effects on SOA formation in recent years has been summarized, and that the synergetic effect of multi-environmental factors has an important influence on SOA formation has been demonstrated. In addition, the future prospect has also been suggested based on the present research.