The atmospheric turbulence probing source of adaptive optics (AO) is proposed by the promotion of the artificial beacon, namely laser guide star (LGS); however the unavoidable anisoplanatic error it brings can degrade the performance of AO system. By using new developed natural star Hartmann-Shack (HS) sensor and artificial beacon HS sensor, the temporal synchronized turbulence-induced wavefronts measurement is achieved on telescope system for natural star and Rayleigh-LGS. Accordingly our experimental investigation of Rayleigh-LGS anisoplanatism effect with different LGS-modes (including focal anisoplanatism and angular & focal anisoplanatism) is presented. The experimental results show that, increasing the Zernike order of turbulence-distorted wavefront aberration makes the temporal correlation for corresponding aberration mode between natural star and Rayleigh-LGS with different altitudes present an oscillation downward trend. Comparing with the Zernike variances of natural star wavefront, the modal anisoplanatic error of Rayleigh-LGS increases with the increase of the Zernike order, which is greatly sensitive to high-order aberration. At last the comparisons of our former numerical-modeling and experimental-measuring results of different-mode Rayleigh-LGS anisoplanatic error′s impact on the corrected light-wave quality are analyzed, and both of the results are in good agreement. This investigation is a useful promotion of our perceptive knowledge of Rayleigh-LGS anisoplanatic effect in turbulence probing.