Passive Optical Network (PON) is considered a crucial networking technology for the next-generation industrial Internet due to its advantages of high bandwidth, cost-effectiveness and resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, the technical development of conventional PON is based on the principle of "bandwidth enhancement"，making its transmission scheduling mechanism difficult to meet the transmission requirements of "time-sensitive" industrial services. This poses a significant challenge to the network transmission capability of conventional PON, necessitating the incorporation of determinism as a new characteristic. This paper mainly focuses on the Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)-PON. Firstly, it illustrates the service characteristics and transmission requirements of industrial Internet, and analyzes the two major technical challenges faced by conventional TDM-PON in industrial Internet scenarios: one being uncertain delays caused by the traditional bandwidth allocation scheme; and the other being uncertain delays caused by the inflexible scheduling mechanism. Addressing these challenges, this paper summarizes the key technologies to enhance the deterministic transmission capability of TDM-PON, such as collaborative transmission interfaces, multi-bursts per frame, and Deterministic Bandwidth Allocation (DetBA). Furthermore, this paper proposes a network calculus-based delay boundary modeling method as a theoretical model for designing and evaluating the performance of deterministic industrial PON systems. Finally, potential technologies and directions for deterministic industrial PON are discussed, including the service layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the physical layer, and the control and management plane.