A kind of diffractive pyramid wavefront sensor for the measurement of wavefront aberration is designed based on the refractive pyramid wavefront sensor and the binary optical principle. The theoretical derivation of diffractive pyramid wavefront detection is made and the intensity distribution of the four sub-pupil image for the single term Zernike aberration through the two wavefront sensor is calculated. The average slope of the two devices on different aberration and energy utilization quantitative is quantitatively calculated and compared. The calculation results show that the diffractive pyramid wavefront sensor is capable of detecting the wavefront aberrations effectively and it can build miniature measurement system of human-eye wavefront aberration.