Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain is one of the most representative ceramic types in China, which is famous for its high academic and economic values. However, it is hard to discriminate blue and white porcelains of different time periods from their appearance, and how to solve this problem quickly and accurately is a major challenge to preservation of cultural relics. As a totally nondestructive technique, hyperspectral remote sensing has been successfully applied in pigment analysis of historic frescoes and paintings. In this study, 28 Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain samples of different time periods were collected, and their reflectance spectra of both bodies and cobalt blue materials were measured by ground spectrometer. The typical spectral features of blue and white porcelain were summarized, and the change trend of spectral feature parameters for cobalt blue material was analyzed. The study indicated that cobalt blue material has abundant spectral features in visible to near infrared bands, and the spectral feature parameters of different cobalt blue material types showed obvious difference. Hyperspectral remote sensing has significant potential in the cohort analysis of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelains.