Aiming at the problem of video signal incompatibility and display resolution mismatch, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based video frame rate format conversion hardware structure system is designed. At first, the input video signal is decoded through the signal decoding module, and then the address multiplexing method is adopted to control two external storage devices such as DDR2 for frame rate conversion, at last, a look-up table is used to implement the bicubic interpolation algorithm to scale the image. The code multiplexing rate is improved and the computational complexity is reduced. And finally, the input video signal with 640×480 to 1 920×1 200 resolution range and VGA, AV, DVI transmission protocol being unified converted into LVDS output signal with 1 600×1 200 resolution, 60 Hz refresh frequency and 162 MHz pixel clock is realized. After experimental testing, the requirements of video format conversion and resolution enhancement can be fully met, and the problem of format incompatibility of data transmission in a wide range of applications can be solved.