The 48 concrete specimens were prepared with fiber content as variable. Piezoelectric ceramic sensors as signal exciter and signal receiver were placed on the surface of concrete specimen. The damage of basalt-polypropylene fiber reinforced high performance concrete (BPHPC) was monitored in real time based on piezoelectric effect. The damage index (DI) based on wavelet packet analysis method was obtained by analyzing the piezoelectric stress wave signals of concrete specimens with single and hybrid fiber, and the function relationship of fiber content-load-DI was fitted. The results show that the health state of specimens can be evaluated qualitatively by observing the damage state of appearance and the variety of piezoelectric stress wave signals. The addition of fiber can reduce appearance damage of concrete. The amplitude of stress wave signals of concrete specimens with single fiber is larger than that of concrete specimens with hybrid fiber. When the volume content of basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber is 0.15% and 0.10%, respectively, DI value is the smallest. When DI exceeds 0.8, the specimen is considered to be completely destroyed. The test data is in good agreement with the test phenomena, which indicates that it is feasible to monitor the damage of BPHPC in real time through piezoelectric ceramics.