Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese culture and the crystallization of Chinese civilization, playing an important role in the health of the whole nation. Due to the limited growth environment of traditional Chinese medicine and the increasing market demand, numerous substandard and falsified traditional Chinese medicines have emerged in the market, which is extremely detrimental to the development and quality assurance of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to detect and identify traditional Chinese medicine. Four medicinal herbs, angelica dahurica, Sappanwood, yam, and sanguinaria officinalis, were selected for classification and detection research to explore traditional Chinese medicine's fluorescent and Raman spectral characteristics. On the one hand, in this paper, we analyzed the possibility of angelica dahurica and sappanwood, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, to exhibit fluorescence from the perspectives of chemical composition and structure. An F-4600 fluorescence spectrophotometer (200~750 nm) was used to measure the fluorescence spectra of aqueous extracts of angelica dahurica and sappanwood at different excitation wavelengths and concentrations, investigating the fluorescence spectral characteristics of aqueous extracts of angelica dahurica and sappanwood, and discussing the relationship between fluorescence intensity and different concentrations and excitation wavelengths. On the other hand, a confocal micro-Raman spectrometer (100~4 000 cm^-1) was used to conduct Raman spectroscopy tests on herbal slices of yam from four different regions and sanguisorba officinalis from two different regions, and then the Raman spectra were obtained. The results showed that the aqueous extract of angelica dahurica exhibited strong fluorescence under excitation wavelengths ranging from 260 to 350 nm. The optimal excitation wavelength is 340 nm, and the peak fluorescence wavelength is 420nm. The fluorescence intensity increased with the concentration increase, following a linear relationship at lower concentrations. The aqueous extract of sappanwood exhibited strong fluorescence under excitation wavelengths ranging from 200 to 290 nm, with the optimal excitation wavelength at 220 nm and the peak fluorescence wavelength at 345nm. With the increase inconcentration, the fluorescence intensity first increased and then decreased, reaching its maximum at 0.175 mg·mL^-1. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of angelica dahurica and sappanwood aqueous extracts followed a Gaussian distribution about the excitation wavelength, followed by the fluorescence law. After analyzing the Raman spectra of yam and sanguisorba officinalis, it was found that the Raman characteristics of different producing areas were the same. The Raman characteristic peaks of yam were mainly concentrated at 477, 862, 939, 1 080, 1 258, 1 337, and 1 457 cm^-1. The Raman characteristic peaks of sanguisorba officinalis were mainly concentrated at 862, 1 337 cm^-1, consistent with the existing research results on chemical composition. Differences in Raman activity at certain characteristic peaks can be used to distinguish the origin of different traditional Chinese medicines. The research results provide experimental data and method references for applying fluorescence spectroscopy in the identification and quality analysis of traditional Chinese medicine, and they also lay the foundation for the rapid and accurate detection and origin attribution of traditional Chinese medicine by using Raman spectroscopy techniques.