The principle of pulse division and temporal coherent combination is introduced. The system of temporal coherent combination of short pulses is designed, and the experimental research platform is established. By employing a series of polarization beam splitters, delay lines and wave plates, each pulse with repetition rate of 10 MHz and pulse duration of 1 ns can be divided into four-pulse, whose interval is 2 ns. The divided pulses can be recombined using similar polarization beam splitters, delay lines and wave plates. Through adjustment of polarization and optimization of the amplitude distribution in divided pulses, the temporal coherent combination of four pulses has been obtained, and the combination efficiency is up to 95.65%.