Aiming at the phase jitter caused by environmental factors such as temperature and vibration changes in the process of optical fiber time-frequency transmission, a high-precision phase stability stress technology based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative(PID) feedback control is proposed. Michelson interferometer is employed for real-time phase detection. The real-time compensation is carried out through piezoelectric ceramics. This method can effectively overcome the bottleneck in compensation accuracy and speed of traditional phase discrimination and delay line. After calculation of environmental factors and PID compensation simulation, the transmission delay measurement accuracy of this method in 800 m optical fiber transmission is 2.2 fs, the transmission delay stability is <8.8 fs, and the initial state time is within 0.088 s under the external axial tension less than 100 N.