In the modern battlefield, in order to improve the combat capability of the precision guided weapons, realizing effective recognition and precision strikes for targets in battlefield, in this paper, a new method of fast target recognition based on spectral fingerprint analysis is proposed, which combines the characteristics of precision guided weapon seeker characteristics with the operational characteristics. Spectral detection technique is used to obtain the spectral fingerprints of the suspected target areas, and then the target characteristics are analyzed through the spectral fingerprints. Due to the time limit of the precision guided weapon in the actual combat, the process speed of target identification and processing must have good real-time performance. Based on this, we simplified the traditional spectrum detection processing program, and only on the range of the part was concerned with the spectral analysis, so that the amount of data was greatly reduced; When analyzing the spectrum information, the characteristic wavelength of the equipment was defined according to the classification of the weapon and equipment, and the characteristic information of the target was used to characterize a class of targets, which can help to improve the speed of target recognition. In this paper, firstly the influence of target recognition methods were expounded, which showed the necessity of this study; then the fast identification method based on spectrum detection was derived, which showed the feasibility of this study; at last, the proposed method of fast target recognition based on spectrum detection was verified by a series of experiments, which showed the superiority of this study.