Grinding and polishing is an important means of precision finishing in the field of machining. In traditional grinding and polishing, especially when grinding and polishing hard and brittle materials, there are characteristics such as high hardness, low fracture toughness and stable chemical properties. It is difficult to obtain ideal processing efficiency and superior surface quality when grinding and polishing. The piezoelectric ultrasonic assisted grinding and polishing is a kind of vibration grinding technology, which applies ultrasonic vibration grinding technology to the machining process. Its high frequency vibration can reduce the grinding force, improve the processing efficiency, and can give full play to the characteristics of hard grinding process effectively. According to the research status of the characteristics and mechanism of ultrasonic assisted grinding and polishing, the development trends of the ultrasonic assisted grinding and polishing of the hardness and brittle materials at home and abroad are reviewed and prospected.